The G3 specification references the ANSI Standard, ANSI/ISA S71.04-1985, “Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control Systems: Airborne Contaminants,” . The G reference refers to the severity and classification of the test and it can be G1 (Mild, Moderate, Harsh and Severe (G1, G2,...

The amount of heat loss depends on the constituents of the panel (horizontal busbars, vertical busbars, circuit breakers, capacitors for power factor correction...etc). According to the heat dissipated from the panel. The attached calculator is a spread sheet used to calculate the heat loss in...

This message means that the controller doesn't have a valid Upload info in the cpu, this is due to fact that while downloading the project the settings to include to the Upload Info was not selected. This option is under Control expert >>Tools >>Project Settings>>PLC embedded...

You may use the below formula to find an equivalent current transformer of class "5P" that closely matches your actual class "PX" current transformer.

The earthing schemes and sizing differ according to the earthing scheme (TT,TN-C,TN-S,IT...etc). According to the required earthing scheme, you should size your earthing and neutral conductors. IEC standard 60364-5-54 illustrates how to size a protective earthing (PE) and neutral conductors. This...

What is vector group for transformers? A vector group is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) method of categorizing the high voltage (HV) windings and low voltage (LV) winding configurations of three-phase transformers. The vector group designation indicates the windings...

Earth fault loop impedance is the path followed by fault current when a low impedance fault occurs between the phase conductor and earth, i.e. “earth fault loop”. Fault current is driven round the loop by the supply voltage. The higher the impedance, the lower the fault current will be and the...

There are 3 basic types of switches that are used for domestic purposes: 1 Way Switches: If a light switch is ‘1 way’ this means it is just an on/off switch. This is the simplest type of switch that you can get. The single switch controls a single light (or lighting circuit). 2 Way Switches: A ‘2...

issue: Customer wants to know the value of the symmetrical and asymmetrical breaking current of the circuit breaker and what do they mean. Environment: Circuit Breaker Resolution: - Symmetrical breaking current is the RMS value of AC component of short circuit current at the instant of separation...

Issue: Testing phase loss on a meter doesn't result in a null voltage reading. Environmnet: EasyLogic Series Power Meters PowerLogic Series Power Meters Resolution: The voltage seen is what we call "phantom voltage", its a known phenomenon with all high impedance power meters. These phantom...

Issue: What is an electrical "ground loop" and how does it affect my equipment? Environment: Ground loops can occur in any situation where multiple electrical devices are interconnected, especially when those devices are powered from different sources or located in different places with varying...

Issue: Having two different values for RL ( Lead resistance from the CT to the relay); RL from the phase CT to the relay and RL from the neutral point CT to the relay Environment: Protection Function ANSI 64ref High impedance differential Sepam 80 Current Transformer requirement Resolution: In any...

Issue: How do I remember the relationship of voltage, current and resistance in an electrical system? Environment: N/A Solution: Voltage (unit of measurement - volt) is like the water pressure in the pipe. When you turn on a faucet, the water pressure makes the water flow out. Similarly, voltage...

Issue: What is Power Factor Correction (PFC) - Does it help conserve energy? Answer: Explanation 1: Power Factor Correction (PFC) doesn't directly reduce the overall electric consumption of a device or system, but it does play a role in optimizing the efficiency of electrical systems, which can...